DINA, “Dynamic networks for trajectory determination in complex environments” (original title in Spanish “Redes Dinámicas para la determinación de trayectorias en entornos complejos”) is a research and development (R&D) project that aims at developing software to demonstrate, in an application relevant environment, the feasibility of trajectory determination with the dynamic network approach for mapping and post-mission trajectory reconstruction.

DINA mainly aims at time-Position-Velocity-Attitude (tPVA) determination with navigation satellite range measurements, inertial measurements and measurements made on “imaging sensor” data, where an “imaging sensor” can be a line, frame camera or a laser scanner. The project, focuses on post-mission processing for optimal precision, accuracy and reliability.

The ATENEA project aimed to integrate GNSS, INS and LiDAR observations to perform precise and accurate navigation and positioning in general outdoor environments, from urban canyons to open areas. The ATENEA approach to navigation and positioning was of particular interest for a wide range of high precision tasks in difficult environments. ATENEA demonstrated the potential of INS/GNSS/LiDAR integration by being rehearsed and tested in the area of kinematic surveying for urban mapping.

Urban mapping with LiDAR techniques -the so-called terrestrial mobile mapping- is already an active domain, but is today only viable using high-end systems with a unitary cost in the order of 800 k€. On the technical level, the orientation of LiDAR instruments and the georeferencing of the scanned objects is provided nowadays by loosely or closely coupled INS/GPS integrated systems, leading to suboptimal performance in urban areas with poor satellite visibility and harsh multipath conditions.

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uVISION (pronounced "microvision") was a project to test, validate and demonstrate the concept of airborne mapping from unmanned aerial systems (UAS).

uVISION started as a Brazilian-Spanish cooperation project under the international Iberoeka program that was later jointly funded the Spanish PROFIT program and by the Catalan CIDEM agency. The project involved three research and development centers and five private companies. In uVISION, a prototype system for an unmanned helicopter and its application to Earth Observation and geoinformation acquisition was developed and tested. In the remote-sensing payload, a medium format photographic camera, a tactical-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a dual frequency geodetic-grade GPS receiver were integrated on a small unmanned aircraft (UA) of the helicopter type.